tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-69303309014196460802024-02-18T17:47:16.805-08:00News from NanotechnologistI am doing ph.d in Nanotechnology. This blog gives the latest news and updates of various interesting things happening in the nanotechnology field.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13666084847448580108noreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6930330901419646080.post-63118106319252762532015-01-20T08:43:00.001-08:002015-01-20T08:43:23.037-08:00Nanocarrier has improved the drug action in pancreatic cancer<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Hi all. As I told in my previous blog, this is the second post regarding my work that recently published. Pancreatic cancer is the most aggressive of all cancers. The five year survival rate of a patient is less than 6 %. Out of 100 persons diagnosed with pancreatic cancer 85 persons are mortal. For treating of such an aggressive disease "Gemcitabine" is recommended as the standard chemotherapy with 1000 mg/meter square. The poor bio-availability of the drug inside tumor environment and rapid efflux mechanisms of pancreatic cancer cells are the prime reasons for the pancreatic cancer resistance towards gemcitabine. To over come this drawback, a nanocarrier that is biocompatible and biodegradable with sustained drug release shall be effective in treating pancreatic cancer.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbIUjZpQe_QBJxd3_1rmr1pt7SFmUrlm75k9ovQpR71fH8peOgJdp7qtguQGR7qO3dN0c71efJQZNmrhIIFeBWVavd6xho-TpwKyTmnFE9ObsRnm4pGVc9L989KnSpzR5IjtinCqY7I_Y/s1600/g5106.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbIUjZpQe_QBJxd3_1rmr1pt7SFmUrlm75k9ovQpR71fH8peOgJdp7qtguQGR7qO3dN0c71efJQZNmrhIIFeBWVavd6xho-TpwKyTmnFE9ObsRnm4pGVc9L989KnSpzR5IjtinCqY7I_Y/s1600/g5106.png" /></a></div>
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Cartoon depicting the Gemcitabine (Green) loaded PLGA (grey) nanospheres</div>
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Our work, published in Materials Science and Engineering: Chemistry, discussed about gemcitabine loaded poly(Lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanospheres as an effective treatment modality for pancreatic cancer. We have encapsulated the drug into PLGA nanospheres by water-oil-water emulsion method and achieved 15 % of encapsulation which is higher compared to existing literature, as it is tough to load a hydrophilic drug into a hydrophobic polymer. The gemcitabine was proved in the literature to be present in the polymer chain foldings and crevices formed by polymer chains inside the PLGA nanospheres. The drug loaded gemcitabine PLGA nanospheres provided a sustained drug release for 41 days. The nanospheres showed the bulk erosion degradation which enhances the release of drug in a sustained manner. The nanospheres were taken into cells by non-energy dependent mechanism. The specific targeting using an antibody will facilitate specific cancer cell attack by the nanocarrier.</div>
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Overall the biodegradable and biocompatible PLGA with gemcitabine loaded inside shall be a promising nanocarrier for pancreatic cancer treatment.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 24.0pt;"></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">L.R.Jaidev</span><span style="color: black;">, Uma </span><span style="color: black;">Maheswari</span><span style="color: black;"> Krishnan, </span><span style="color: black;">Swaminathan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Sethuraman</span><span style="color: black;">, (2015)<span> </span>Gemcitabine loaded biodegradable PLGA
nanospheres for in vitro pancreatic cancer therapy </span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">Material
Science and </span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">Engineering:C</span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;"> , </span><span style="color: black;">47, 40–47.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928493114007280 </span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;"></span></span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13666084847448580108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6930330901419646080.post-70427582616779886862014-11-24T22:50:00.000-08:002014-11-24T22:50:29.843-08:00Multifunctional Nanomaterials in Nanomedicine<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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After a long gap I am writing another post in my blog. In this post I wish to write about the work I am doing. The viewers should know what the "Nanotechnologist" is upto. Luckily, I have published two research papers this year and I wish to discuss them. I discuss now my first paper in this post and the discussion about the second paper follows this post.</div>
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As from my profile, everyone knows that I am doing Ph.D in SASTRA University, Thanjavur, one of the finest institutions for nanotechnology research. I am working on theranostic multifunctional nanomaterials for cancer treatment. In my first paper, I synthesized the multifunctional nanomaterial and tested against cancer cells, retinoblastoma. The paper was published in Journal of Biomaterial science, polymer edition. Due to the journal copy right issues, i can't attach the hard copy of the paper to this post, i am including the reference of the paper at the bottom of this post.</div>
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Combating cancer with a single weapon, say chemotherapy, is not sufficient. Physicians suggesting combination therapies such as chemotherapy with radiation treatment. So combination treatments are giving results. The drawback is that giving high doses of chemo and radiation to patient leads to several side effects, like losing hair is the common scene observed in case of radiation treated patients. To improve the patients quality of life with minimal side effects or none, new technologies have to be tested and used.</div>
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One such technology is the utilization of nanomaterials in medicine to treat diseases like cancer. Nanomaterials are those confined to the size of nanometer (10-9m). In case of nanomedicine the horizons with respect to length differ slightly. Many nanomaterials tested for medical applications vary from 10 nm to 400 nm approx. The nanomaterials which are usually the delivering vehicles called as carriers (nanocarriers) deliver drug to the target cells. The end goal is that these materials should be used for imaging, and treating of cancer at the same time. The concept of multifunctionality should be imposed into the nanocarrier. </div>
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<b>Multifunctional Nanomaterial</b></div>
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The manuscript entitled "Engineered multifunctional nanomaterials for multimodal imaging of retinoblastoma cells in vitro" studied the imaging of cancer cells using MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) and fluorescence. This property helps in tracking the cancer cells non invasively. SPIONs (superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles) with high magnetization and good senstitivity in MRI were synthesized. The nanoparticle surface was modified with oleic acid and again coated with bovine serum albumin and decorated with sulforhodamine B, fluorescent dye. This material showed no toxicity towards healthy cells. The MRI and fluorescence imaging abilites were studied.</div>
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The multifunctional nanomaterials are highly useful in imaging the cancer cells <i>in vivo</i> which helps in better diagnosis and progressively better treatment of cancer. </div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Reference:</b> Leela Raghava Jaidev, Dhiraj Vasanth Bhavsar, Uma Sharma, Naranamanglam R. Jagannathan, Uma Maheswari Krishnan & Swaminathan Sethuraman (2014) Engineered multifunctional nanomaterials for multimodal imaging of retinoblastoma cells in vitro, Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 25:11, 1093-1109.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13666084847448580108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6930330901419646080.post-70912335645831243502014-02-10T23:31:00.003-08:002014-02-10T23:31:46.902-08:00Nanomotors - Cancer Killers<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="en-US">The
vision of the Eric Drexler in his famous book “Engines of creation”
discusses the possible ways of developing the nanorobots or nanobots
that enter the cells and manipulate the process inside and treat dreadful diseases like cancer. From the last
two decades researchers around the world are trying in different ways
to make that vision into a reality. Looking for the possible
invention with the novel materials under synthesis, the researchers
from at PennState university, USA has showed a considerable progress.
They synthesized nanobots made of Gold-ruthenium bimetal nanorods.
The functionality of the nanorods is their spinning behaviour in the
presence of ultrasonic fields. This makes the rods behave as the
small tiny nanomotors. </span></span>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="en-US"><b>"This
research is a vivid demonstration that it may be possible to use
synthetic nanomotors to study cell biology in new ways. We might be
able to use nanomotors to treat cancer and other diseases by
mechanically manipulating cells from the inside. Nanomotors could
perform intracellular surgery and deliver drugs non-invasively to
living tissues." </b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>- Evan Pugh, Professor of Material Chemistry
and Physics, PennState.</b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="en-US">The
researchers studied the nanomotors working in HeLa cells. They gave
the nanomotors into the medium given to the HeLa cells. The cells
uptake the nanomotors. The nanomotors work very little when a lower
ultrasonic frequency waves were given the actual working of these
nanomotors was observed at higher ultrasonic frequencies. A series of
videos demonstrating the uptake of the nanomotors and the cells in
action in the link given below.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="en-US"><a href="http://phys.org/news/2014-02-nanomotors-cells-video.html#jCp">http://phys.org/news/2014-02-nanomotors-cells-video.html#jCp</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="en-US">The
research in combating cancer exploring different unique ways where
the conventional therapies are not enough. It is the vision of any
science-fiction lover to have nanorobots killing cancer cells one by
one. I think we are at the age where the technology is highly
advancing where with the help of nanotechnology we can actual make
the science-fiction things possible and real. We hope the answer for
the cancer treatment is not so far.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Courtesy:http://www.phys.org. </span></span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13666084847448580108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6930330901419646080.post-1861952044610192492014-01-30T01:32:00.000-08:002014-01-30T01:32:23.180-08:00Nanochains for the treatment of Cancer Micrometastasis<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Cancer is the well known
diseased state around the world with millions of people suffering
from it. For researchers it is a heap of task to
combat this disease. From several decades several treatment methods
are in practice. Among them, surgery and chemotherapy are the highly
recommending treatment methods. Physicians remove the tumor through
surgery and then suggest the high dosage of tumor suppressing drugs
also called chemotherapy. These methods can be followed when the
tumor size is around 100 mm<sup>3</sup>, provided the tumor is benign
and not metastatic.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">What is with the metastatic
tumor? The cancer cells detach from the solid benign tumors migrate
to different organs in the body and grow into tumors. This state is
called metastatic state. The cancer at this stage is highly resistant
to treatment. It is difficult to remove the numerous tiny tumors by
surgery because the size of these metastatic tumors is very less.
Normally more lethal cancer like pancreatic cancer will be in
metastatic stage by the time the physician detect the presence of
cancer. Thus the treatment is very difficult and the chances of
survival also very very less. Thus the mortality rate increases.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Researchers are trying
different methods and novel materials to treat this kind of
metastatic cancer. With the availability of the high end technology
like nanotechnology, where the nano (10<sup>-9</sup>m) sized
materials are synthesized and exploited for different applications, there is scope to find some novel ways of treatment. A
recent paper in Journal of controlled release during the january
issue showed the new kind of nanomaterials called as nanochains are
employed to treat the cancer state. The nanoparticles were loaded
with drug and linked to the other nanoparticle by a covalent
linkage. The authors found that these materials are highly penetrable
to the deep locations of the tumor and releasing the drug will kill
the cancer cells. Novel materials like these are crucial to combat
diseases like cancer.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Reference:<span style="color: black;">
<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168365913008808" target="_blank">Journal of controlled release, vol. 173</a></span><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168365913008808" target="_blank"><span style="color: black;">,
10 January 2014, Pages 51–58</span></a></span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13666084847448580108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6930330901419646080.post-90848325129856625222013-12-31T08:18:00.001-08:002013-12-31T08:18:05.455-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: #990000;"><b>I wish you all happy and prosperous new year</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><b>Hoping to come up with great research updates in Nanotechnology to all</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><b>in this New Year 2014</b></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13666084847448580108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6930330901419646080.post-7609139160368298862013-12-30T01:13:00.002-08:002013-12-30T01:13:54.304-08:00Cancer Immunotherapy - Breakthrough of the year<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>"This year marks a turning point in cancer, as long-sought efforts to unleash the immune system against tumors are paying off - even if the future remains a question mark"</b> stated by Jennifer Couzin-Frankel in the article published in Science on 20th December, 2013. With the ending of this year the Science magazine has surveyed the outstanding works done in the whole year. Out of many speculations and expectations, the panel chose Cancer Immunotherapy as the breakthrough of this year. Is it really worth to mention as breakthrough? Let’s see.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">"Cancer", one word that kill the patient psychologically than the actual unwanted mass of cells in his/her body. The patients have in mind that day by day they are reaching to the end of their life. May be this can be avoided in the developed countries but it is prevalent in developing and underdeveloped countries. Novel therapeutic ways, targeting sites, therapeutic materials are being explored from a long time by researchers around the world with the millions of dollars as funding from the governments. Still for the researchers’ the disease is a mystery.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The panel has found some light in this deep dark unsolved puzzle for decades or say centuries! So, the breakthrough of this year "Cancer Immunotherapy" is the new field where the immune system is treated to kill cancer cells. Up to now the cancer cells are treated directly without affecting the immune system. This is a strategy where, say, ‘x’ is treated to kill y. ‘x’ will signal a cascade of changes that result in the killing of ‘y’ rather than directly giving a molecule to kill ‘y’. Though this kind of treatment strategy is new, it is working. In this article, published in science, the author pointed some potential antibodies that target different sites on the T-Cells. They are Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), Programmed death 1 (PD 1) and Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">The pink color antibodies are binding to the blue color receptors</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">signalling a cascade of events killing the cancer cells</span></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Couzin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">-Frankel Science 2013;342:1432-1433)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The basic working principle of all these therapies is to target the T-cells with the antibodies to specific receptor marker on the T-cells. These antibodies block the targeted receptors and then signal a cascade of events that result in the killing of cancer cells. The clinical trials done on these strategic treatment modalities showed successful development in the patient’s survival rate and decrease in the tumor size. The recurrence of the disease is also decreased significantly. The peculiarity of these treatment modalities is that they can be used in any kind of tumors either benign or metastasis without potential side effects. The researchers are trying to decipher the mechanism of activity, the role of various molecules in killing the cancer cells.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Hoping for a cancer free society, the Cancer Immunotherapy, breakthrough of the year (agreeing worth to mention as breakthrough) should be materialized and also available to millions of cancer patients around the world. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I wish you all Happy New Year.</span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13666084847448580108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6930330901419646080.post-34081865657920385992013-12-27T02:49:00.002-08:002013-12-27T02:49:44.618-08:00Layer by Layer nanocarriers for Drug Delivery<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> The Erlich's <b><span style="color: #cc0000;">"Silver Bullet"</span></b> is the final goal for any drug delivery researcher to accomplish. The development of various engineered nanocarrier systems for the delivery of drugs to the specific diseased locations in the body possess fresh challenges every time. The stability of the nanocarrier is very important inside the body. The carrier when injected into the blood stream it should not be degraded or dissolved immediately. At the same time it should not elicit any immune response. Most importantly, the carrier should not leak the drug until it reach the target site. To attain these basic but important things, researchers mostly chose the systems that have the stable charge distributed all over the carrier system. Research showed that the positive charged systems elicit immune response at a faster rate compared to negative and neural charged carriers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> While designing a carrier for a particular drug the architecture of the carrier are very important. The shape and nature of the carrier plays an important role. Spherical carrier of different chemical nature like polymers, liposomes, nanoparticles are widely exploited. The polymer drug carriers are mainly used in the cases where the drug has to be released for a long time. For the case of liposomes, it is burst release or quick release and their life time at the targeted site is less. These carrier choices, to achieve specific duties, helps in enhancing the effectiveness of the carrier and also decrease the number of drug dosage times for the patient.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> Though these carriers seems to be promising, still there is room to increase their efficiency of drug loading and drug targeting particularly DNA or si-RNA targeting. The polymers such as Poly-L-Lysine, Polyethyleneimine etc are widely used to deliver these genetic material. These polymers are positive charged polymers that form tight complexes with the negatively charged DNA or si-RNA. A more protection is needed for this genetic material from the surrounding molecules and enzymes that degrade these once injected into the blood stream. A new approach of designing the delivery carriers to overcome these problems is reported recently. The layer-by-layer approach for the delivery of genetic material is reported by Deng et al., published in ACS Nano. </span></div>
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<span style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Such engineered carrier systems are the future for a sustained, stable and effective delivery of the load to the targeted site.</span></span></div>
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<b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small; text-align: center;">Reference:</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-align: center;">Zhou J. Deng, Stephen W. Morton, Elana Ben-Akiva, Erik C. Dreaden, Kevin E. Shopsowitz, </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-align: center;">Paula T. Hammond†, </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticles for Systemic </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-align: center;">Codelivery of an Anticancer Drug and </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-align: center;">siRNA for Potential Triple-Negative </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-align: center;">Breast Cancer Treatment. ACS Nano 7 (2013) 9571-9584.</span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13666084847448580108noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6930330901419646080.post-33272591680527853632013-11-06T02:13:00.001-08:002013-11-06T02:45:19.320-08:00Sensitive detection of circulating tumor cells<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Cirulating tumor cells are the prime things that detach from the solid tumor and reach the other parts of the body such as lungs, liver, spleen etc. Such a cancer state is called Metastasis which is an advanced state of the cancer. Some cancers like pancreatic cancer develop symptoms at this late stage. Hence the treatment is difficult and the patient survival rate is very low while the mortality rate is 85% (According to American cancer society statistics, 2013).</span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">There is a clear need for the identification of these cells in the blood circulation so that the initiation of treatment methods to the patients will be easy for physicians. Currently we have several microfluidic based detection systems where these microfluidic chips will collect the cells and filter them. These cells will be cultured and identified. It is a very long and time consuming process. For a better detection system for identifying these circulating tumor cells, the device should be simple, sensitive and cost effective.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The recent paper published in Nature nanotechnology on 29 september 2013 developed a sensitive detection method to identify these circulating tumor cells. The authors/researchers from University of Michigan used the graphene oxide as the detection material for detecting the circulating tumor cells. The paper is very interesting and it mentioned the sensitivity of the fabricated device in detecting the circulating tumor cells such as PC-3, pancreatic cancer cells, MCF-7 and HS578T breast cancer cells.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The complete article will be obtained from </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v8/n10/abs/nnano.2013.194.html" style="text-align: left;">http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v8/n10/abs/nnano.2013.194.html</a></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13666084847448580108noreply@blogger.com0Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India10.7869994 79.13782739999999210.5374024 78.8151039 11.036596399999999 79.460550899999987tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6930330901419646080.post-5892028602614558912013-09-08T23:57:00.000-07:002013-09-08T23:59:01.449-07:00Microparticles for brain drug delivery<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><br />The usage of nanoparticles for the therapeutic applications is in research for quite a long time. The fruits of the research are come out now. The clinical trails for various drug delivery formulations are in progress. The recent studies of the nanoformulations are well discussed in this article. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3260950/">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3260950/</a><br /><br /><br />Eventhough we have many liposome formulations, the commercialization of polymer nanodrug formulations hasn't seen light yet. The recent study of pennstate university research group has showed the sustained release of the microparticles for brain drug delivery. The blood brain barrier is the primary limitation step for any drug to enter into brain. The liposomes are widely used for brain drug delivery as they are having the lipid component which can easily enter into the brain than other formulations. But the draw back of liposomes is the burst release of the drug. Most of the drug will be released within the short period of time. This causes the patient has to take more doses at regular periods of time.</span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The pennstate research group led by Dr. Mohammad Reza Abidian, assistant professor of bioengineering, chemical engineering and materials science and engineering has mentioned that "Brain tumors are one of the world's deadliest diseases," which needs to be addressed with a potential carrier system. Their work has been recently reported in Science daily. In their words. "We are trying to develop a new method of drug delivery," said Abidian. "Not intravenous delivery, but localized directly into the tumor site."</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Current treatment already includes leaving wafers infused with the anti-tumor agent BCNU in the brain after surgery, but when the drugs in these wafers run out, repeating invasive placement is not generally recommended.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"BCNU has a half life in the body of 15 minutes," said Abidian. "The drug needs protection because of the short half life. Encapsulation inside biodegradable polymers can solve that problem."</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The research groups around the world are trying to have a suitable carrier system that can cure the brain cancer. The work done by pennstate university is one of the good work in a new approach. Hope new thinking in new ways provide the solution to the long suffering problem.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Courtesy: www.sciencedaily.com</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13666084847448580108noreply@blogger.com0Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India10.7869994 79.13782739999999210.5374024 78.8151039 11.036596399999999 79.460550899999987tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6930330901419646080.post-25281197039808388422013-06-02T20:10:00.003-07:002013-06-02T20:11:53.831-07:00Magnetic nanoparticles in Gene therapy<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The transfection of the suitable genes into cells is the primary target of gene therapy. Earlier the genes are trasfected by binding with gold nanoparticles and injecting by a transfection gun. Later the electroporation technique is used where the small electric voltage is applied which increases the permeability of the cell which leads to intake of more genes of interest. Recently, the use of magnetic nanoparticles is rapid in studying the gene delivery mechanism for various diseases and various kinds of genes of interest. The delivery of genes has to overcome the barriers of the skin if it is transfected externally or if to the brain it has to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) a key rate limiting step in the drug/gene delivery to brain. People employ mostly liposomes for brain drug delivery as they easily pass the BBB. Several researchers are trying to get the correct carrier with proper mechanism to have a successful gene transfection. Companies like Nano Therics (<a href="http://www.nanotherics.com/">www.nanotherics.com</a>) are provinding various instruments for gene transfection by magnetic nanoparticles. </div>
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For the recent news on gene delivery using magnetic nanoparticles, the readers are directed to the following link <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130530111153.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130530111153.htm</a>. Eventhough the research progresses, still there is much to go. </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13666084847448580108noreply@blogger.com0Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India10.7869994 79.13782739999999210.5374024 78.8151039 11.036596399999999 79.460550899999987tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6930330901419646080.post-84317695719818249282013-05-30T03:32:00.001-07:002013-05-30T03:33:53.134-07:00Toxicological aspects of nanoparticles<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Mr. Smith, stock broker for a famous firm, has interest in technology. So he always update his home electrical appliances and other gadgets regularly as there are no money constraints for him. Recently he purchased a new silver nanotechnology based washing machine. The sales person describe nanotechnology is the current highest technology which keeps the clothes away from bacteria and bad odour. A sales person knowing that much is good. He insisted on the beneficial part of nanoparticles and nanotechnology. Does he forget the other face of nanomaterials?! The toxic nature of nanoparticles, unfortunately, has become a major concern for environmentalists rather than general public. </div>
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Do nanoparticles are toxic? Yes, nanoparticles are toxic but with high dosage concentrations. The study of nanoparticle toxicology is being carried out in many labs around the world and also publishing the results in many journals of various big publishers. The scientific community is concerned over the toxicity of the nanoparticles more than the policy makers and public. Nanoparticles are the smallest particles of metal or non metal or oxides etc., which are of the order thousand time lesser than micron size. Such small nanoparticles can reach to very end of the lungs, if inhaled, and very end of the blood vessels in the tissue if entered. Such a kind of particles are generally threat to the human body but thanks to god for giving such a strong immune system mechanism and defence processes, that the particles can be eliminated by RES system mostly, Urination etc. The problem comes when the dosage is high.</div>
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The high dosage of nanoparticles is toxic to cells which are the fundamental units of human body. The malfunction of a cell division leads to the generation of a bunch of immortal cells called as tumor and famous with the name "Cancer". Upto now we are talking about the toxicity of nanoparticles to healthy cells by dose dependent manner. Can't we use this aspect for the killling of cancer cells! A recent report in Nano Today authored by Stefan J. Soenen [1] reviewed the same aspect elaborately. The cancer cells are more prone to nanoparticle toxicity than the healthy cells which is an advantage to fight against cancer. The fluidity of the cancer cells enables the easy intake of nanoparticles which can act by two mechanisms. One way is to elicit the apoptosis pathway and the other one is the long term metal leaching. In the first mechanism, the nanoparticles are receptor mediated uptaken or by endocytosis stays for a long time inside the endosomes. The degeneration of the nanoparticles cause pH changes in endosomes which then give signals to the nucleus to self destruct which is nothing but apoptosis. The other mechanism is the long term staying of the particle inside the cell and releasing the metal ions for a longer periods. These metal ions will be toxic to cells. It was proved that the metal ions alone given to cells are not affected than the cells given metal nanoparticles. The scientific understanding of the behaviour of nanoparticles toxicity to cells help in understanding the dose concentration and also the nanoparticle properties.</div>
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Toxicity studies of nanoparticles play a crucial role in understanding the demon of high dosage nanoparticles which can also become an angel in killing cancer cells. The two faces of nanoparticles is beneficial as per their application. The vibrant future of nanotechnology in providing the beneficial and commercial products is ahead.</div>
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[1]Stefaan J. Soenen, Jo Demeester, Stefaan C. De Smedt, Kevin Braeckmans. Turning a frown upside down: Exploiting nanoparticle toxicity for anticancer therapy.Nano Today (2013) 8, 121—125.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13666084847448580108noreply@blogger.com0Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India10.7869994 79.13782739999999210.5374024 78.8151039 11.036596399999999 79.460550899999987tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6930330901419646080.post-13471608605631114562013-05-27T21:34:00.000-07:002013-05-27T21:34:56.446-07:00Drug delivery in Cancer<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cancer
is an unanswerable question for researchers around the world from many decades.
Exploring wide areas of biology, medicine and interdisciplinary fields like
nanotechnology is going on to find a suitable molecule to kill cancer. The
prescription of drugs (chemotherapy) to cancer patients by physicians across
the globe after tumor removal is the current treatment modality. So the drugs
play an important role in the treatment of cancer. The effectiveness of the
drugs is limited while the side effects are more. But patients, as there is no
other go, are ready to take these drugs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">From
the last decade, the advent of nanotechnology in the delivery of medicine has
paved the way for a new field called “Drug Delivery”. The main objective of
this field is to develop various nanoformulation (a drug loaded nanocarrier)
that is targeted to the specific diseased site, stay for a longer time in the
body and minimizing side effects. Not every nanoformulation will fulfill all
these three, but most of them will.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A
recent development from Mc Neil’s Lab, <span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">part of the federally funded research and development center operated by
SAIC-Frederick for the National Cancer Institute, worked with a drug company to
reformulate TNF-alpha by coupling it with gold nanoparticles. Using the
nanotechnology-enhanced protein, it appears possible to safely inject up to
three times the amount that had been lethal with previous versions. The
modified drug has been through a Phase 1 clinical trial and is entering Phase 2[1].</span>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In future we can expect much more will come from many labs around the
world and hope for a cancer free society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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from Science daily, </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal;">New
Delivery for Cancer Drugs,May 7, 2013.<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13666084847448580108noreply@blogger.com0Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India10.7869994 79.13782739999999210.5374024 78.8151039 11.036596399999999 79.460550899999987tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6930330901419646080.post-62182348387427786952013-05-26T01:02:00.002-07:002014-11-24T22:19:52.671-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="color: #351c75;">The Power of Magnetic Nanoparticles as Detection Agents of Single Bacteria</span></b></h2>
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Nanotechnology based detection assays are not new within the last decade. A variety of unique strategies are being tried by various researchers around the world to identify the pathogenic bacteria using magnetic nanoparticles. </div>
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A recent paper published in nature nanotechnology reports the detection of a single pathogenic bacteria using DNA sandwich hybridization technique where the target DNA (analyte) is being sandwiched by the DNA attached to the magnetic nanoparticles. Here, the corresponding author Ralph Weissleder, a pioneer scientist and doctor, used polymeric nanoparticle conjugated with magnetic nanoparticles as magnetic beads which hosted the complementary DNA sequences to the target bacterial 16S ribosomal sRNA. The micro NMR is being used as the detection system. The micro NMR is the actual NMR which is fabricated to the micron size holds a sample of ~ 2 micro liters. The detection sensitivity of the bacterial RNA sequences were checked and validated over 13 pathogenic bacterial species. They claim that the system is robust in detection of pathogenic bacteria with high sensitivity. Besides, the same approach can be used to identify the unknown bacteria by employing the target specific primers attached to the magnetic beads. This is a dual approach for a single nanopaticle system.</div>
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The pros of this work are that they developed and validated an RT-PCR based bacterial detection assay with low sensitivity and high specificity.</div>
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The cons of this work are the cost issues where the procuring of the primer sequences and RT-PCR with all the enzymes are costly will be a non possible one except in very high infrastructure hospitals or clinics.</div>
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The article was studied from <a href="http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v8/n5/pdf/nnano.2013.70.pdf" style="text-align: left;">http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v8/n5/pdf/nnano.2013.70.pdf</a></div>
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The image was made using Inkscape 0.48 version software</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13666084847448580108noreply@blogger.com0Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India10.7869994 79.13782739999999210.5374024 78.8151039 11.036596399999999 79.460550899999987